AeopeKwyYL4/UGdt3uq7CMI/AAAAAAAAABw/T_T7n5z-jJo/s1600/scada_2.jpg' alt='Water Control Software' title='Water Control Software' />Body water Wikipedia. In physiology, body water is the water content of an animal body that is contained in the tissues, the blood, the bones and elsewhere. The percentages of body water contained in various fluid compartments add up to total body water TBW. This water makes up a significant fraction of the human body, both by weight and by volume. IWM manufactures waterjet cutting machine and water jet cutter spare parts. IWM supplies cnc plasma cutting machine, new and used Water jet plasma cutter. Provide. SeaStar Solutions is a global and trusted supplier of marine equipment for sports and leisure boats. The Division of Water Resource Management DWRM is responsible for implementing state laws providing for the protection of the quality of Floridas drinking water. Water Control Software' title='Water Control Software' />Ensuring the right amount of body water is part of fluid balance, an aspect of homeostasis. LocationeditBy weight, the average human adult male is approximately 6. There can be considerable variation in body water percentage based on a number of factors like age, health, weight, and sex. In a large study of adults of all ages and both sexes, the adult human body averaged 6. However, this varied substantially by age, sex, and adiposity amount of fat in body composition. The figure for water fraction by weight in this sample was found to be 5. The body water constitutes as much as 7. This is due to how fat tissue does not retain water as well as lean tissue. These statistical averages will vary with factors such as type of population, age of people sampled, number of people sampled, and methodology. So there is not, and cannot be, a figure that is exactly the same for all people, for this or any other physiological measure. Most of animal body water is contained in various body fluids. These include intracellular fluid extracellular fluid plasma interstitial fluid and transcellular fluid. Water is also contained inside organs, in gastrointestinal, cerebrospinal, peritoneal, and ocular fluids. Adipose tissue contains about 1. In Netters Atlas of Human Physiology, body water is broken down into the following compartments 3Intracellular fluid 23 of body water is fluid contained within cells. In a 7. 2 kg body containing 4. Jacksons texts states 7. Extracellular fluid 13 of body water is fluid contained in areas outside of cells. For a 4. 0 litre body, about 1. MeasurementeditDilution and equilibrationeditTotal body water can be determined using Flowing afterglow mass spectrometry measurement of deuterium abundance in breath samples from individuals. A known dose of deuterated water Heavy water, D2. O is ingested and allowed to equilibrate within the body water. The FA MS instrument then measures the deuterium to hydrogen D H ratio in the exhaled breath water vapour. The total body water is then accurately measured from the increase in breath deuterium content in relation to the volume of D2. O ingested. Different substances can be used to measure different fluid compartments 8Intracellular fluid may then be estimated by subtracting extracellular fluid from total body water. Bioelectrical impedance analysiseditAnother method of determining total body water percentage TBW is via Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis BIA. Be At Tv Er on this page. In the traditional BIA method, a person lies on a cot and spot electrodes are placed on the hands and bare feet. Electrolyte gel is applied first, and then a weak current of frequency 5. Hz is introduced. This AC waveform allows the creation of a current inside the body via the very capacitive skin without causing a DC flow or burns, and limited in the 2. A range current for safety. BIA has emerged as a promising technique because of its simplicity, low cost, high reproducibility and noninvasiveness. BIA prediction equations can be either generalized or population specific, allowing this method to be potentially very accurate. Selecting the appropriate equation is important to determining the quality of the results. For clinical purposes, scientists are developing a multi frequency BIA method that may further improve the methods ability to predict a persons hydration level. New segmental BIA equipment that uses more electrodes may lead to more precise measurements of specific parts of the body. CalculationeditIn humans, total body water can be estimated based on the premorbid or ideal body weight and correction factor. TBWweightCdisplaystyle TBWweightC. C is a coefficient for the expected percentage of weight made up of free water. For adult, non elderly males, C 0. For adult elderly males, malnourished males, or females, C 0. For adult elderly or malnourished females C 0. A total body water deficit TBWD can then be approximated by the following formula Where Nat target sodium concentration usually 1. EqL, and Nam measured sodium concentration. The resultant value is the approximate volume of free water required to correct a hypernatremic state. In practice, the value rarely approximates the actual amount of free water required to correct a deficit due to insensible losses, urinary output, and differences in water distribution among patients. FunctionseditWater in the animal body performs a number of functions as a solvent for transportation of nutrients as a medium for excretion a means for heat control as a lubricant for joints and for shock absorption. ChangeseditThe usual way of adding water to a body is by drinking. Water also enters the body with foods, especially those rich in water, such as plants, raw meat, and fish. The amount of this water that is retained in animals is affected by several factors. Water amounts vary with the age of the animal. The older the vertebrate animal, the higher its relative bone mass and the lower its body water content. In diseased states, where body water is affected, the fluid compartment or compartments that have changed can give clues to the nature of the problem, or problems. Body water is regulated by hormones, including anti diuretic hormone, aldosterone and atrial natriuretic peptide. Loss of watereditVolume contraction is a decrease in body fluid volume, with or without a concomitant loss of osmolytes. The loss of the body water component of body fluid is specifically termed dehydration. Sodium loss approximately correlates with fluid loss from extracellular fluid, since sodium has a much higher concentration in extracelluliar fluid ECF than intracellular fluid ICF. In contrast, K has a much higher concentration in ICF than ECF, and therefore its loss rather correlates with fluid loss from ICF, since K loss from ECF causes the K in ICF to diffuse out of the cells, dragging water with it by osmosis. ReferenceseditTotal body water volumes for adult males and females estimated from simple anthropometric measurementsPDF. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. Progesterone Transdermal Patch'>Progesterone Transdermal Patch. January 1. 98. 0. Subscription required help. Guyton, Arthur C. Textbook of Medical Physiology 5th ed. Philadelphia W. B. Saunders. pp.  2. ISBN 0 7. 21. 6 4. John T. Hansen Bruce M. Koeppen 2. 00. 2. Netters Atlas of Human Physiology. Teterboro, N. J Icon Learning Systems. ISBN 1 9. 29. 00. FCS Animal Production L2. Nutrient Requirements of Nonhuman Primates. Guyton, Arthur C. Textbook of Medical Physiology 5th ed. Philadelphia W. B. Saunders. p.  2. 75. ISBN 0 7. 21. 6 4. Jackson, Sheila 1. Anatomy Physiology for Nurses. Nurses Aids Series 9th ed. C Program Without Using Printf Scanf. London Bailliere Tindall. ISBN 0 7. 02. 0 0. Physiology 77ch. Essentials of Human PhysiologyUS Patent 4. Stimulator Apparatus this website has ended. Archived from the original on 2. Lee., Goldman, I., Schafer, Andrew Fayette., Cecil, Russell La 2. Goldmans Cecil medicine. ElsevierSaunders. ISBN 9. 78. 14. 37. OCLC 7. 79. 50. 12. Medicine. Net Definition of Dehydration Retrieved on July 2, 2. Further readingeditExternal linksedit.